It is an interesting to read the article "How (un)ethical are you? " by Banji and Bazerman. The article starts with a question to ask the reader whether or not "I am an ethical manager". By analysis the uncomfortable fact that most of us fall woefully short of our inflated self-perception. Then the passage introduces the for related sources of unintentional unethical decision making: Implicit Prejudice, In-Group Favoritism, Overclaiming Credit, and Conflict of Interest.
The implicit prejudice is rooted in the fundamental mechanics of thought. It arises from the ordinary and unconscious tendency to make associations. That means Bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs and it is costly. In-Group Favoritism illustrates another point of bias is that Bias favors your group. It is very common and easy to realize this point of view. It is clear many decisions are made favors some groups which the person is related or belongs to. By Overclaiming credit decision making principle, it shows us that Bias favors ourselves. Many people, including those successfully ones or just ordinary people, prefers to hold positive views about themselves. Unconscious overclaiming can be expected to reduce the performance and longevity of groups within organizations. Conflict of Interests releases that bias favors those who can benefit you.
By thinking about those four decisions making principles that sound unethical. How about the education technology? Is there anything we used in applying, creating, or designing the model or teaching material? How should we consider those things to reduce the possible unintentional unethical method? Additionally, Should we pay more attention to those students who may experiencing those issues but lacking of a good way to assist in the technology that we try to apply to them?
References:
Guerra, J. A. (2006). Standards and ethics in human performance technology. In J. A. Pershing (Ed.), Handbook of human performance technology (3rd ed.) (pp. 1024-1046). San Francisco: Pfeiffer.
Smaldino, S. E., Donaldson, J. A., & Herring, M. (2018). Professional ethics: Rules applied to practice. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (4th Ed.), (pp. 303-308). New York, NY: Pearson Education. (see also video interview with Dr. Smaldino (43:59): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOjhdH4dAE4
Banaji, M. R., Bazerman, M. H., & Chugh, D. (2003, December). How (un)ethical are you? Harvard Business Review, 81(12), 56-65.
Kowch, Eugene (2018, June 7). Conversations from Southeast Asia: Should we imagine social entrepreneurship as a catalyst for positive change? TechTrends, 62, 213-316.
Bradshaw, Amy C. (2018, March 23). Reconsidering the instructional design and technology timeline through a lens of social justice. TechTrends, 62, 336-344.
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